{"id":103,"date":"2020-05-14T11:19:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-14T08:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jerusalemseminary.org\/blogs\/?p=103"},"modified":"2020-09-01T10:24:04","modified_gmt":"2020-09-01T07:24:04","slug":"our-daily-bread","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jerusalemseminary.org\/blogs\/2020\/05\/14\/our-daily-bread\/","title":{"rendered":"Our Daily Bread"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"103\" class=\"elementor elementor-103\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-184e987 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"184e987\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-310c638\" data-id=\"310c638\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1798b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1798b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our Daily Bread<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8f43df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8f43df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af22d1c\" data-id=\"af22d1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37bddce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37bddce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u2018Bread\u2019 (\u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd \/ le\u1e96\u05b5em) is a word we use daily, but such words, especially\u05b5, have a great potential to surprise us, when it comes to the ways they are used in scripture. The meaning of \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd is actually wider than we usually think.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">During his fight against the Philistines, King Saul had put the people under oath, saying, \u201cCursed be the man who eats food (\u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd) before evening, and until I have avenged myself on my enemies.\u201d (<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips22'>1 Sam 14:24<\/span>). Jonathan tastes a little honey and thus violates his father\u2019s oath. The specification of Solomon\u2019s \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd for one day includes thirty kors of fine flour and sixty kors of meal, ten fat oxen, twenty pasture-fed oxen, a hundred sheep besides deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened fowl (<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips6'>1 Kings 4:22-23<\/span>). However, not only the food humans eat is called \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd. The prophet Isaiah writes regarding the last days: dust will be the serpent\u2019s food (\u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd \/ <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips16'>Isaiah 65:25<\/span>), and also other verses refer to animal\u2019s food as \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd (<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips21'>Psalm 147:9<\/span>; <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips15'>Proverbs 6:8<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The common theory to explain this phenomenon is that the original meaning of \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd in the Semitic languages was the general term \u2018food\u2019 or \u2018nourishment\u2019. In addition, it referred to the most important component of the cultural menu. The early Hebrew speakers were an agricultural society and lived mainly on grains, therefore they called the pastries they made from these grains \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd (for example <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips5'>Leviticus 23:17<\/span>). The Arabic speakers however, were wandering tribes who made a living from their herds. That\u2019s why the parallel root in Arabic refers to meat. Also in the biblical usage \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd can be used to describe meat: If he is going to offer a lamb for his offering [\u2026] he shall bring as an offering by fire to the Lord, its fat, the entire fat tail [\u2026] and the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails, and the two kidneys with the fat that is on them, [\u2026] and the lobe of the liver [\u2026]. Then the priest shall offer it up in smoke on the altar as food (\u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd), an offering by fire to the Lord (<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips2'>Leviticus 3:7-11<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">The range of meanings of \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd influenced also the usage of the word in the New Testament and has left its traces also in modern language, for example in the term \u201cdaily bread\u201d. In scripture, this more general meaning of the word is as common as the specific one. When Jacob is on his way to his uncle Laban, he asks God to give him food (\u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd) to eat and garments to wear (<span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips11'>Genesis 28:20<\/span>) \u2013 the most fundamental human needs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">As the story goes on, we encounter another meaning of \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd. Twenty years later, Jacob leaves Laban quietly and sets out to the land of Canaan. Laban pursues and catches up to him, but they settle their quarrels and make a covenant. Then we read: Then Jacob offered a sacrifice on the mountain, and called his kinsmen to the meal (\u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd); and they ate the meal (\u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd) and spent the night on the mountain (Genesis 31:54). It is hard to imagine Jacob preparing a BBQ and then inviting his relatives to only eat some pita-bread. From this occurrence and other similar cases, we learn that \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd can also refer to a meal or a banquet (see also <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips14'>Exodus 18:12<\/span>; <span class='tooltipsall tooltipsincontent classtoolTips0'>1 Samuel 20:24-27<\/span>).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips0','<h6><span id=\"en-NASB-7755\" class=\"text 1Sam-20-24\">So David hid in the field; and when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat food.<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NASB-7756\" class=\"text 1Sam-20-25\"><sup class=\"versenum\">25\u00a0<\/sup>The king sat on his seat as usual, the seat by the wall; then Jonathan rose up and Abner sat down by Saul\u2019s side, but\u00a0David\u2019s place was empty.<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NASB-7757\" class=\"text 1Sam-20-26\"><sup class=\"versenum\">26\u00a0<\/sup>Nevertheless Saul did not speak anything that day, for he thought, \u201cIt is an accident,\u00a0he is not clean, surely\u00a0<i>he is<\/i>\u00a0not clean.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NASB-7758\" class=\"text 1Sam-20-27\"><sup class=\"versenum\">27\u00a0<\/sup>It came about the next day, the second\u00a0<i>day<\/i>\u00a0of the new moon, that David\u2019s place was empty; so Saul said to Jonathan his son, \u201cWhy has the son of Jesse not come to the meal, either yesterday or today?\u201d<br\/><\/span>- NASB<\/h6>'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips2','<h6><span id=\"en-NASB-2786\" class=\"text Lev-3-7\">If he is going to offer\u00a0a lamb for his offering, then he shall offer it\u00a0before the\u00a0<span class=\"small-caps\">Lord<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NASB-2787\" class=\"text Lev-3-8\"><sup class=\"versenum\">8\u00a0<\/sup>and\u00a0he shall lay his hand on the head of his offering and\u00a0slay it before the tent of meeting, and Aaron\u2019s sons shall\u00a0sprinkle its blood around on the altar.<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NASB-2788\" class=\"text Lev-3-9\"><sup class=\"versenum\">9\u00a0<\/sup>From the\u00a0sacrifice of peace offerings he shall bring as an offering by fire to the\u00a0<span class=\"small-caps\">Lord<\/span>, its fat, the entire fat tail which he shall remove close to the backbone, and the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is on the entrails,<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NASB-2789\" class=\"text Lev-3-10\"><sup class=\"versenum\">10\u00a0<\/sup>and the two kidneys with the fat that is on them, which is on the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he shall remove\u00a0with the kidneys.<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NASB-2790\" class=\"text Lev-3-11\"><sup class=\"versenum\">11\u00a0<\/sup>Then the priest shall offer\u00a0<i>it<\/i>\u00a0up in smoke\u00a0on the altar\u00a0<i>as<\/i>\u00a0food, an offering by fire to the\u00a0<span class=\"small-caps\">Lord<\/span>.<br\/>- NASB<\/span><\/h6>'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips5','<h6>You shall bring in from your dwelling places two\u00a0<i>loaves<\/i>\u00a0of bread for a wave offering, made of two-tenths\u00a0<i>of an<\/i> <i>ephah<\/i>; they shall be of a fine flour, baked\u00a0with leaven as first fruits to the\u00a0<span class=\"small-caps\">Lord<\/span>.<br\/>- NASB<\/h6>'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips6','<h6><span id=\"en-NASB-8867\" class=\"text 1Kgs-4-22\">Solomon\u2019s provision for one day was thirty kors of fine flour and sixty kors of meal,<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"en-NASB-8868\" class=\"text 1Kgs-4-23\"><sup class=\"versenum\">23\u00a0<\/sup>ten fat oxen, twenty pasture-fed oxen, a hundred sheep besides deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened fowl.<br\/>- NASB<\/span><\/h6>'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips11','<h6>Then Jacob made a vow, saying, \u201cIf God will be with me and will keep me on this journey that I take, and will give me food to eat and garments to wear,...<br\/>- NASB<\/h6>'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips14','<h6>Then Jethro, Moses\u2019 father-in-law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God, and Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to eat a meal with Moses\u2019 father-in-law before God.<br\/>- NASB<\/h6>'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips15','<h6><span id=\"en-NASB-16549\" class=\"text Prov-6-8\">Prepares her food\u00a0in the summer<\/span><br\/><span class=\"text Prov-6-8\"><i>And<\/i>\u00a0gathers her provision in the harvest.<\/span><br\/>- NASB<\/h6>'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips16','<h6>The\u00a0wolf and the lamb will graze together, and the\u00a0lion will eat straw like the ox; and\u00a0dust will be the serpent\u2019s food. They will\u00a0do no evil or harm in all My\u00a0holy mountain,\u201d says the\u00a0<span class=\"small-caps\">Lord<\/span>.<br\/>- NASB<\/h6>'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips21','<h6><span id=\"en-NASB-16361\" class=\"text Ps-147-9\">He\u00a0gives to the beast its food,<\/span><br\/><span class=\"text Ps-147-9\"><i>And<\/i> to the young ravens which cry.<br\/>- NASB<\/span><\/h6>'); <\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips22','<h6>Now the men of Israel were hard-pressed on that day, for Saul had\u00a0put the people under oath, saying, \u201cCursed be the man who eats food\u00a0<sup class=\"footnote\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.625em; line-height: 22px; position: relative; vertical-align: top; top: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: \\'Helvetica Neue\\', Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\" data-fn=\"#fen-NASB-7533a\" data-link=\"[&lt;a href=&quot;#fen-NASB-7533a&quot; title=&quot;See footnote a&quot;&gt;a&lt;\/a&gt;]\">[<a title=\"See footnote a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=1+Sam+14%3A24&amp;version=NASB#fen-NASB-7533a\">a<\/a>]<\/sup>before evening, and until I have avenged myself on my enemies.\u201d So none of the people tasted food.<br\/>- NASB<\/h6>'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our Daily Bread \u2018Bread\u2019 (\u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd \/ le\u1e96\u05b5em) is a word we use daily, but such words, especially\u05b5, have a great potential to surprise us, when it comes to the ways [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"49","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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